200 keV electron irradiation produced no bubbles on zeolite-Y. This image was after the grain has become amorphous due to e-beam irradiation.
In contrast to many other zeolites (such as analcime and natrolite), zeolite-Y does not form bubble under strong e-beam. The absence of bubbles in irradiated zeolite-Y was attributed to the relatively large aperture size of the internal channel of the structure and the possible preservation of channels after amorphization.
Bubbles formed in analcime (a type of zeolite) under 200 keV electron irradiation at room temperature.
Bubbles are due to the release of H2O trapped within analcime. The passage with analcime structure is not large enough for fast release of H2O, thus the bubbles are formed. In contrast, zeolite-Y does not fom bubble under e-beam - due to its large channels linking the structural cavities.
S. X. Wang*, L. M. Wang*, R. C. Ewing* and K. V. Govindan Kutty**, *Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA **Materials Chemistry Division, Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
Shixin Wang, Lumin Wang and Rod C. Ewing Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Presentation given at "IXth International conference on the Physics of Non-crystalline solids", Tucson, Arizona, Oct. 17-21, 1999.
Authors: Shixin Wang, Lumin Wang, & Rod Ewing.
Presenter: Shixin Wang
Reference: S.X. Wang, L.M. Wang, and R.C. Ewing (2000) Nano-scale glass formation in pyrochlore by heavy ion irradiation. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 274, 238-243.
Abstract
We are pleased to announce the agenda for the
1st Workshop on Structural & Computational Biomedical Informatics and Cryo-EM
FromJune 08th 2009 to June 12th 2009
At the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Pressure: 1 bar = 1x105 Pa = 1x106 dyn cm-2; 1 atm = 1.01325 bar;
Elemental crystals with HCP structure:
[element: a (nm), c/a]
Be: 0.229 , 1.568;
Ti: 0.295 , 1.587;
Zn: 0.267, 1.856;
Tl: 0.346, 1.598;
Ho: 0.358, 1.57;
Mg: 0.321, 1.624;
Co: 0.251, 1.623;
Zr: 0.323, 1.593;
Gd: 0.363, 1.591;
Reference: Joel I. Gersten and Frederick W. Smith, "The physics and chemistry of materials", John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2001.
Si: a=5.43 Å
Ge: a= 5.65 Å
SiC: a= 3.08 Å
AlP: a= 5.46 Å
AlAs: a= 5.66 Å
Ga: a=5.45 Å
GaAs: a= 5.65 Å
GaN: a= 4.5 Å